Agriculture Issues

CARTEL AND SYNDICATE EFFECT ON RICE MILL AND VEGETABLES :   Agriculture sector contributed about 27 percent in the GDP with 14.38 percent AGDP shared by vegetables including potato (MOAD, 2017). Vegetable production and marketing is gradually emerging as an important sub-sector contributing to gross domestic product in Nepal. Vegetable production and marketing is main source of income for the people of various places in Nepal. However, the country is not able to harness available market for vegetables, and different factors at production and marketing levels hindering vegetable business. These vegetable marketers function in an oligopolistic market structure with a relatively large number of counterpart suppliers and buyers. These are organized groups and have their own associations while their upstream and downstream stakeholders in the supply chain do not have strong enough associations to offset their unruly behavior . Cartels have infested the milled rice, fruits and vegetab

Nature scope and importance of Mathematical economics Mathematical economics is not a distinct branch of economics like public financing or trade rather it is the application of mathematical methods to represent theories and analyze problems in economics. More commonly, however, mathematical economics is reserved to describe cases employing mathematical techniques beyond simple geometry, such as  matrix algebra , differential and integral calculus, differential equations, difference equal ions, etc. The mathematics has an important role in the development and functioning of agricultural economics. The choice between literary logic and mathematical logic, again, is a matter of little import, but mathematics has the advantage of forcing analysts to make their assumptions explicit at every stage of reasoning. This is because mathematical theorems are usually stated in the "if-then" form. The mathematical economics helps to solve optimization problems as to goal equili